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Relayed-From: GEMVAX::DECWRL::"PTGARVIN@aardvark.ucs.uoknor.edu" "The P is psilent" 13-NOV-1990 19:29:50.98 Alternatives to OSI =================== by Jock C. St. Martin University of the Outer Hebrides Scotland Following recent discussions concerning the relative merits of OSI and ARPA protocols, I decided to throw my hat into the ring. Furthermore, I believe that the ARPA protocols are not the only contenders with OSI, and that a number of even more "mature" mechanisms exist. I present seven possibilities for consideration. 1. Bean tins and bits of string ------------------------------- The use of bean tins and taut pieces of string has long been recognised as an effective means of communication. In fact, excavations from Anglo-Saxon dwellings in Nottingham show their use (albeit with imported coconuts as opposed to bean tins) in early everyday office situations. Bean tins and string have several advantages over OSI: a. They are fast, light weight and portable. b. They don't require the purchase of expensive computers. c. Complex error correction (based on the "NO - I said ..." principal) d. Uses off the supermarket shelf technology. e. They were not invented by the ISO. They also exhibit a very few trifling limitations: a. Poor support for "packet" switching (however, tin switching may be supported). b. Users often cut themselves on the tins. c. Star network topologies become more complex. d. They don't scale very well. 2. Shouting from the roof tops ------------------------------ Shouting from the rooftops can be an effective method of optimised local area communication. It is based on the well understood CMSA/CD technology but with the notion of priority. Users can insert high priority traffic with the "If I might get a word in edgeways" packet. It is already in widespread use - e.g., the House of Commons, political canvassing and Speakers Corner. Naturally, a roof top is only necessary for high bandwidth traffic. The PTT's would probably assume this role. The average user would be content to shout in the street. Shouting has many advantages over OSI: a. It is not as "complex and obscure". b. Most people understand shouting. c. Broadcasts are easy. d. Its fun. e. It wasn't invented by the ISO OSI has hardly any advantages over shouting: 3. Burning beacons on hill-tops: --------------------------------- Burning beacons on hill-tops have long been used to warn of advancing Armadas and their like. However, the author believes that beacons may have wider applications than just these. In particular, they have the following advantages over OSI: a. No "dangerous checkpointing". b. They keep you warm. c. Not overly complex and obscure. d. A secondary use for the disposal of those nasty ISO people. e. Not cluttered with unnecessary functionality. f. Not invented by the ISO. Disadvantages to OSI: a. Not suitable for the office environment (this may really be an advantage in some circumstances). b. Low bandwidth (may also be an advantage - see 7) c. Error rates can be high. Arsonists, pyromaniacs and "Satanic Verses" burners can generate spoof packets. 4. Semaphore ------------ Semaphore has been in use for many years. So why did ISO not consider this for international internetworking? This is difficult to determine, but is probably due to political motivations rather than any deficiencies in the protocols. Naturally there are a few rough edges to be addressed. Advantages over OSI a. Broadcasts are easily accommodated. b. Widely supported off-the-shelf infra-structure (boy scouts). c. Not invented by ISO Disadvantages over OSI a. Not so useful at night (but a working party on luminous flags is in progress). b. Bandwidth is rather low - but automation should help. 5. Messages in bottles ---------------------- This is a low cost solution to networking. Bottles are easy to obtain and with a little development, this neglected backwater of communications technology could be a real alternative. Advantages over OSI a. High bandwidth data channels already in existence (e.g. the gulf stream, rivers and sewers.) b. Large amounts of data can be placed in the appropriate sized bottles. c. Not invented by ISO. Disadvantages to OSI a. Transit time is unpredictable (but then IP, for instance, does not guarantee any bounded delivery time) 6. The Telephone ---------------- This might be seen as an enhancement of method 2. However, there is a lot to be gained from this approach. The name lookup problem is already solved as are routing issues. Lets face it, communications protocols are ultimately used for communicating between people. So why not just standardise the telephone. Add on services such as broadcast agents (commonly called gossips/operators) are easy to achieve. Advantages over OSI a. Its a mature existing technology. b. Directory services issues, routing and charging are already established. c. It's now available in portable form. d. Not invented by ISO Disadvantages to OSI a. Because it's a mature technology, there aren't so many interesting research areas. b. As a result of 2. there are few exotic conference openings. c. It costs money. 7. Not communicating at all --------------------------- One question I asked myself was "why communicate at all?" On consideration it was realised that not communicating has the following advantages over OSI. a. Low consumption of bandwidth. b. Cheap and easy to manage. c. No one disagrees with you. d. Without the time wasted on communication, other business proceeds much quicker. e. Not invented by the ISO No known disadvantages to OSI. The ARPA protocols. ---------------------- The ARPA protocols deserve consideration along with many of the above mentioned methods of communication. In particular, they have one major advantage over OSI. a. Not invented by the ISO However, despite this overwhelming advantage of the Internet protocol suite, the ISO proponents simply will not give in. In this section I therefore give a few other reasons for the superiority of the Internet suite - as if 1. was not enough. Scalability. The Internet protocols are obviously scalable as has been proved time and time again. All that is required is for the PTT's to take the sensible step of providing a network infra-structure and the rest can be solved. Charging is easily accommodated - the PTT's pick up the bills. Network interface. Many people have commented on how convenient it is to have a network address which fits into a common word size. This is such a advantage that the limitations are really insignificant. If the address space ever gets used up there is an obvious extension mechanism - the waiting list. Session layer. The Internet suite sensibly disregarded session services as superfluous. As has been observed, checkpointing is inherently dangerous as it can lead to loss of network usage and revenue. OSI has been influenced by the Internet community here, and has provided a session service complex enough that most implementations try and ignore it. Presentation layer. Again the Internet triumphs. It is quite clear that for the most part applications only need to exchange data consisting of bytes of 8, 16 and 32 bit quantities. These simple structures can be used as building blocks to construct almost any structure required. If this is not sufficient, there is a simple escape mechanism provided, known in the jargon as a "string encoding". It is quite clear that ASN.1 is just over the top - CHOICE's and OPTIONAL's are for quiche-eating indecisive applications. Application layer. Well the Internet has got this one too. Honestly, it's quite obvious that each application should do its own thing. That's what they're there for. If an application needs remote procedure call interface, or security, or name lookup, then it can do it itself rather than forcing it to use some more general service like ROS or directory services. SUMMARY ------- In summary, I feel that all of the above methods are orders of magnitude better than OSI (which incidently, and by coincidence, wasn't invented here). In particular, I feel that method 7 offers the greatest potential and, with this in mind, WE DO NOT WELCOME ANY FURTHER COMMENTS YOU MIGHT HAVE! Author's note ------------- This article is in no way connected with either Julian Onions or Steve Benford of the University of Nottingham beyond their role as postal agents for the author. -- Julian Onions
(From the "Rest" of RHF)
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